Revisión bibliográfica de Carabidae (Coleoptera) en los Andes del Ecuador
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Esta revisión ofrece un sumario de las características de la familia, así como también los eventos más importantes dentro de la carabidología a partir de 1779. Debido a su historia evolutiva, taxonomía relativamente estable, alta riqueza de especies, sensibilidad a cambios en el ambiente, métodos de recolección fácil y amplia distribución en los Andes, los carábidos pueden ser usados tanto en estudios poblacionales, así como también en ecología, fragmentación y monitoreos de hábitat, y biología de la conservación.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Citas
Acosta-Solís M. 1968. Divisiones fitogeográficas y formaciones geobotánicas de Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana.
Aráuz M de los Á. 2013. Cambio climático e insectos: Elaboración de una línea base con Carabidae de altura. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.
Arndt E, Kirmse S. 2002. Adaptation to seed-feeding in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae:
Harpalini) of south Venezuela. Stud Neotrop Fauna Environ. 37(2):151–157. doi:10.1076/snfe.37.2.151.8581.
Barber HS. 1931. Traps for cave inhabiting insects. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc. 46:259–266.
Barragán AR, Dangles O, Cardenas RE, Onore G. 2009. The History of Entomology in Ecuador. Ann la Soc Entomol Fr. 45(4):410–423. doi:10.1080/00379271.2009.10697626.
Bates HW. 1892. Coleoptera. In: Whymper, E. Supplementary appendix to travels amongst the
great Andes of the Equator. London Uk: John Murray.
Bell RT. 1999. Rhysodini. [accessed 2020 Feb 25]. http://tolweb.org/Rhysodini/67/1999.12.14.
Beutel RG. 1998. Trachypachidae and the phylogeny of Adephaga (Coleoptera). In: Ball GE,
Casale A, Vigna Taglianti, A, editores. Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera:
Adephaga). Proceedings of a Symposium XX International congress of entomology. Florencia:
Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali (ATTI). p. 543.
Beutel RG, Kristensen N. 2005. Handbook of Zoology: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga). Berín: Walter de Gruyter.
Beutel RG, Ribera I, Fikáček M, Vasilikopoulos A, Misof B, Balke M. 2019. The morphological
evolution of the Adephaga (Coleoptera). Syst Entomol. 45(2):378–395. doi:10.1111/syen.12403.
Beutel RG, Yan E, Richter A, Büsse S, Miller KB, Yavorskaya M, Wipfler B. 2017. The head of
Heterogyrus milloti (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Arthropod Syst
Phylogeny. 75(2):261–280.
Borror DJ, Triplehorn CH JN. 1989. An introduction to the study of Insects. 6ta Edició. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing.
Bousquet Y. 2012. Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, North of Mexico. Zookeys. 245:1–1722. doi:10.3897/zookeys.245.3416.
Brambilla M, Gobbi M. 2014. A century of chasing the ice: Delayed colonisation of ice-free
sites by ground beetles along glacier forelands in the Alps. Ecography (Cop). 37(1):33–42.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00263.x.
Brandmayr P, Pizzolotto R, Scalercio S, Algieri MC, Zetto T. 2003. Diversity Patterns of Carabids in the Alps and the Apennines. :307–317. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18967-8_17.Buchholz S, Jess AM, Hertenstein F, Schirmel J. 2010. Effect of the colour of pitfall traps on their capture efficiency of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), spiders (Araneae) and other arthropods. Eur J Entomol. 107:277–280. doi:10.14411/eje.2010.036.
Butterfield J. 1997. Carabid community succession during the forestry cycle in conifer plantations. Ecography (Cop). 20(6):614–625. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1997.tb00430.x.
Campos Ribadeneira F. 1926. Contribución al estudio de los Insectos del Callejón interandino. Rev del Col Nac Vicente Rocafuerte, Guayaquil. 8:1–40.
Cañadas L. 1983. El mapa bioclimático y ecológico del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador.
Casale A, Sciaky R. 1986. Un nuovo Oxytrechus dell’Ecuador (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Boll del Mus Reg di Sci Nat - Torino. 4(2):483–488.
Chaudoir M. 1878. Révision des genres Onychopterygia, Dicranoncus et Colpodes. Ann la Société Entomol Fr. 8(5):275–382.
Choate P. 1999. Introduction to the Identification of Beetles (Coleoptera). Dichotomous Keys to Some Fam Florida Coleopt.:23–33.
Costa C, Vanin S, Casari-Chen S. 1988. Larvas de Coleoptera do Brasil. Brasil: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.
Cuatrecasas J. 1958. Aspectos de la vegetación natural de Colombia. Rev la Acad Colomb Ciencias Exactas. 10:221–264.
Davies KF, Margules CR. 1998. Effects of habitat fragmentation on carabid beetles: Experimental evidence. J Anim Ecol. 67(3):460–471. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00210.x.
Deuve T. 2001. Nouveaux Trechinae des Philippines, du Sikkim, du Népal, de la Chine et de l’Equateur (Coleoptera, Trechidae). Bull la Société Entomol Fr. 106(1):43–50.
Deuve T. 2002. Nouveaux Trechinae et Bembidiinae de l’Equateur, de la Chine et du Laos [Coleoptera, Trechidae]. Rev française d’Entomologie. 24(3):151–160.
Donoso DA, Salazar F, Maza F, Cárdenas RE, Dangles O. 2009. Diversity and distribution of type specimens deposited in the Invertebrate section of the Museum of Zoology QCAZ, Quito, Ecuador. Ann la Société Entomol Fr. 45(4):437–454. doi:10.1080/00379271.2009.10697628.
Erwin TL. 1979. Review of the natural history and evolution of ectoparasitoid relationships in carabid beetles. In: Erwin TL, Ball GE, Whitehead DR, Halpern AL, editores. Carabid Beetles: Their Evolution, Natural History, and classification. Dr W Junk Publisher. p. 479–484.
Erwin TL. 1991. Natural history of the carabid beetles at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Pakitza, Peru. Rev Peru Entomol. 33:1–85.
Erwin TL, Ball GE, Whitehead DR, Halpern AL. 1979. Carabid beetles: their evolution, natural history, and classification Proceedings of the first International Symposium of Carabidology. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk.
Erwin TL, Zamorano LS. 2014. A synopsis of the tribe lachnophorini, with a new genus of neotropical distribution and a revision of the neotropical genus asklepia liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). Zookeys. 108:1–108. doi:10.3897/zookeys.430.8094.
Forsythe TG. 1982. The Coleopterists Society. Coleopt Bull. 36(1):26–73. doi:10.1649/0010
-065x-72.1.215.
Giglio A, Brandmayr P, Talarico F, Brandmayr TZ. 2011. Current knowledge on exocrine glands
in carabid beetles: Structure, function and chemical compounds. Zookeys. 100:193–201.
doi:10.3897/zookeys.100.1527.
Gobbi M, Ballarin F, Brambilla M, Compostella C, Isaia M, Losapio G, Maffioletti C, Seppi R,
Tampucci D, Caccianiga M. 2017. Life in harsh environments: carabid and spider trait types and
functional diversity on a debris-covered glacier and along its foreland. Ecol Entomol. 42(6): 838
–848. doi:10.1111/een.12456.
Gobbi M, Barragán Á, Brambilla M, Moreno E, Pruna W, Moret P. 2018. Hand searching versus
pitfall trapping: how to assess biodiversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in high
altitude equatorial Andes? J Insect Conserv. 22(3–4):533–543. doi:10.1007/s10841-018-0082-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0082-8.
Gobbi M, Brambilla M. 2016. Patterns of spatial autocorrelation in the distribution and diversity of carabid beetles and spiders along Alpine glacier forelands. Ital J Zool. 83(4):600–605. doi:10.1080/11250003.2016.1223186.
Gobbi M, Rossaro B, Vater A, De Bernardi F, Pelfini M, Brandmayr P. 2007. Environmental features influencing Carabid beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages along a recently deglaciated area in the Alpine region. Ecol Entomol. 32(6):682–689. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00912.x.
Gongalsky KB, Midtgaard F, Overgaard HJ. 2006. Effects of prescribed forest burning on carabid beetles (Coleoptera : Carabidae): a case study in south-eastern Norway. Entomol Fenn. 17(3):325–333. doi:10.1109/TIFS.2015.2512559.
Gongalsky KB, Wikars LO, Persson T. 2003. Dynamics of pyrophilous carabids in a burned pine
forest in Central Sweden. Balt J Coleopterol. 3(2):107–111.
Gustafson GT, Prokin AA, Bukontaite R, Bergsten J, Miller KB. 2017. Tip-dated phylogeny of whirligig beetles reveals ancient lineage surviving on Madagascar. Sci Rep. 7(1):8619. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08403-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08403-1.
Harling G. 1979. The vegetation types of Ecuador: A brief survey. In: Larsen K. y Holm-Nielsen L. Tropical Botany. Londres: Academic Press. Hatteland BA, Symondson WOC, King RA, Skage M, Schander C, Solhøy T. 2011. Molecular analysis of predation by carabid beetles (Carabidae) on the invasive Iberian slug Arion lusitanicus. Bull Entomol Res. 101(6):675–686. doi:10.1017/S0007485311000034.
Holland JM, Luff ML. 2000. The effects of agricultural practices on Carabidae in temperate
agroecosystems. Integr Pest Manag Rev. 5(2):109–129. doi:10.1023/A:1009619309424.
Honek A, Martinkova Z, Jarosik V. 2003. Ground beetles (Carabidae) as seed predators. Eur J
Entomol. 100(4):531–544. doi:10.14411/eje.2003.081.
Jeannel R. 1927. Monographie des Trechinae (deu-xième livraison). L´Abeille. 33:1–592.
Jelaska LŠ, Franjević D, Jelaska SD, Symondson WOC. 2014. Prey detection in carabid beetles
(Coleoptera: Carabidae) in woodland ecosystems by PCR analysis of gut contents. Eur J Entomol. 111(5):631–638. doi:10.14411/eje.2014.079.
Kipling W, Maddison DR. Harpalinae. [accessed 2020 Feb 25]. http://tolweb.org/Harpalinae/
/2006.07.07.
Kotze JD, Brandmayr P, Casale A, Dauffy-Richard E, Dekoninck W, Koivula MJ, Lövei GL, Mossakowski D, Noordijk J, Paarmann W, et al. 2011. Forty years of carabid beetle research in Europe - from taxonomy, biology, ecology and population studies to bioindication, habitat assessment and conservation. Zookeys. 100:55–148. doi:10.3897/zookeys.100.1523.
Lancaster J, Downes BJ. 2013. Aquatic Entomology. 1era Edici. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Leleup N. 1968. Mission Zoologique Belge aux Îles Galápagos et en Ecuador, 1964-1965: Résultats scientifique, I., Fondation Charles Darwin pour les Galapagos. Bruxelles.
Lencioni V, Gobbi M. 2018. Do carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) exhibit similar diversity and distributional patterns along a spatio-temporal gradient on a glacier foreland? J Limnol. 77:187–195. doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1794.
León-Yánez S. 1993. Estudio ecológico y fitogeográfico de la vegetación del páramo de Guamaní, Pichincha-Napo, Ecuador. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.
Lietti M, Montero G, Faccini D, Nisensohn L. 2000. Evaluación del consumo de semillas de malezas por Notiobia (Anisotarsus) cupripennis (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pesqui Agropecu Bras. 35(2):331–340. doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2000000200012.
Lindroth CH. 1954. Die larve von Lebia chlorocephala Hoffm.(Coleoptera:Carabidae). Opusc Entomol. 19:29–33.
Lorenz W. 1998. Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (insecta, Coleoptera “Geadephaga”: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysidinae). Germany: Privately published, Tutzing.
Lövei G. L. 2008. Ecology and conservation biology of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in an age of increasing human dominance.
Lövei G. L, Sunderland KD. 1996. Ecology and behavior of ground beetles. Annu Rev Entomol. 41(1):231–256. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.001311.
Maddison DR. 1995. Adephaga. [accessed 2020 Feb 25]. http://tolweb.org/Adephaga/
/1995.01.01.
Maddison DR, Toledano L. 2012. A new species of Bembidion (Ecuadion) from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini), with a key to members of the georgeballi species group. ZooKeys 249: 51–60. doi: 10.3897/ zookeys.249.4149
Maddison DR, Kanda K, Boyd OF, Faille A, Porch N, Erwin TL, Roig-Juñent S. 2019. Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 132:151–176. doi:10.1016
/j.ympev.2018.11.006.
Martínez C. 2005. Introducción a los escarabajos Carabidae (Coleoptera) de Colombia. Bogotá D. C., Colombia: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt.
Martínez C, Ball GE. 2003. Los Platynini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) de Colombia. Biota Colomb. 4(2):175–186.
Mateu J. 1970. Sur un nouveau Mimodromius (Col. Carabidae Lebiinae) des montagnes de l´Ecuador. Mission Zoologique Belge aux Îles Galápagos et en Ecuador. Bruxelles. 2:173–179.
Mateu J. 1988. Nouvelles espèces du genre Oxytrechus Jeannel récoltées en Equateur (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Nouv Rev d’Entomologie. 5(4):305–313.Mateu J. 1991. Sur le genre Oxytrechus Jeannel, 1927, avec la description de nouvelles espèces de
l’Equateur et de la Colombie (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Eos (Washington DC). 67:71–83.
Mateu J. 1998. Contribution à la connaissance du genre Paratrechus Jeannel (Coleoptera,
Carabidae, Trechini). Nouv Rev d’Entomologie. 15(4):371–390.
Mateu J, Moret P. 2001. Cinq nouveaux Paratrechus de l’Equateur [Coleoptera, Carabidae,
Trechini]. Rev française d’Entomologie. 23(1):93–100.
da Matta DH, Cividanes FJ, Silva RJ, Batista MN, Otuka AK, Correia ET, de Matos STS. 2017. Hábito alimentar de Carabidae (Coleoptera) associado com plantas herbáceas e fenologia de algodão colorido. Acta Sci - Agron. 39(2):135–142. doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v39i2.32593.
Maveety SA, Browne RA, Erwin TL. 2011. Carabidae diversity along an altitudinal gradient in a
Peruvian cloud forest (Coleoptera). Zookeys. 147:651–666. doi:10.3897/zookeys.147.2047.
McKenna DD, Shin S, Ahrens D, Balke M, Beza-Beza C, Clarke DJ, Donath A, Escalona HE, Friedrich F, Letsch H, et al. 2019. The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 116(49):24729–24737. doi:10.1073/pnas.1909655116.
Mckenna DD, Wild AL, Kanda K, Bellamy CL, Beutel RG, Caterino MS, Farnum CW, Hawks DC, Ivie MA, Jameson ML, et al. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Syst Entomol. 40(4):835–880. doi:10.1111/syen.12132.
Meijer J. 1975. Carabid (Coleoptera, Carabidae) migration studied with Laboulbeniales
(Ascomycetes) as biological tags. Oecologia. 19(2):99–103. doi:10.1007/BF00369094.
Menéndez R, González-Megías A, Jay-Robert P, Marquéz-Ferrando R. 2014. Climate change and
elevational range shifts: Evidence from dung beetles in two European mountain ranges. Glob
Ecol Biogeogr. 23(6):646–657. doi:10.1111/geb.12142.
Moret P. 1989a. Un Migadopidae sans strie surnuméraire des Andes de l’Equateur: Aquilex
diabolicola gen. nov., sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Caraboidea). Nouv Rev d’Entomologie. 6(3):245–257.
Moret P. 1989b. Le genre Agonum Bonelli en Equateur (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Elytron. 3:69–77.
Moret P. 1990a. Les Dyscolus de l’Equateur: nouvelles espèces et nouvelles données faunistiques (Coleoptera, Caraboidea, Platyninae). Boll del Mus Reg di Sci Nat - Torino. 8(1):197–213.
Moret P. 1990b. Les Dyscolus équatoriens du groupe bucculentus sp. nov. (Coleoptera,
Harpalidae). Nouv Rev d’Entomologie. 7(3):271–281.
Moret P. 1990c. Volcanisme et spéciation dans les Andes: à propos de deux nouveaux Dyscolus
orophiles [Col. Caraboidea Platyninae]. Bull la Société Entomol Fr. 95(5–6):169–174.
Moret P. 1993. Les Dyscolus de l’Equateur: révision des espèces à élytres achètes (1ère partie)
[Coleoptera, Harpalidae, Platyninae]. Rev française d’Entomologie. 15(1):1–13.
Moret P. 1995. Contribution à la connaissance du genre néotropical Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865. 1ère partie (Coleoptera, Harpalidae, Pterostichinae). Bull la Société Entomol Fr. 100(5):489–500.
Moret P. 1996a. Mise au point taxinomique sur le genre Dyscolus Dejean et description de
cinq espèces nouvelles (Caraboidea, Harpalidae, Platynini). Boll del Mus Reg di Sci Nat - Torino.
(1):491–503.
Moret P. 1996b. Trois nouvelles synonymies dans le genre Dyscolus (Col. Caraboidea). Nouv Rev d’Entomologie. 13(3):282.Moret P. 1996c. Contribution à la connaissance du genre néotropical Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865. 2ème partie (Coleoptera, Harpalidae, Pterostichinae). Rev française d’Entomologie. 18(1):1–10.
Moret P. 1998. Les Dyscolus de la zone périglaciaire des Andes équatoriennes (Coleoptera, Harpalidae, Platyninae). Bull la Société Entomol Fr. 103(1):11–28.
Moret P. 2000. Le genre Pelmatellus Bates dans l’étage montagnard des Andes équatoriales (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini). Nouv Rev d’Entomologie. 17(1):215–232.
Moret P. 2001. El género Bradycellus Erichson, 1837 en los Andes de Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini). Zapateri - Rev Aragon Entomol. 9:25–29.
Moret P. 2005. Los coleópteros Carabidae del páramo en los Andes del Ecuador. Sistemática, ecología y biogeografía. Pontif Univ Católica del Ecuador.
Moret P. 2009. Altitudinal distribution, diversity and endemicity of carabidae (coleoptera) in the páramos of ecuadorian andes. Ann la Soc Entomol Fr. 45(4):500–510. doi:10.1080/00379271.2009.10697632.
Moret P, Aráuz M de los Á, Gobbi M, Barragán Á. 2016. Climate warming effects in the tropical Andes: first evidence for upslope shifts of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Ecuador. Insect Conserv Divers. 9(4):342–350. doi:10.1111/icad.12173.
Moret P, Barragán, Moreno E, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Gobbi M. 2020. When the Ice Has Gone: Colonisation of Equatorial Glacier Forelands by Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Neotrop Entomol. 49(2):213–226. doi:10.1007/s13744-019-00753-x.
Moret P, Bousquet Y. 1995. Le sous-genre Dercylus (Licinodercylus) Kuntzen, 1912: position systématique, révision des espèces et description de la larve (Carabidae, Dercylini). Can Entomol. 127:753–798.
Moret P, Murienne J. 2020. Integrative taxonomy of the genus dyscolus (Coleoptera, carabidae, platynini) in ecuadorian andes. Eur J Taxon. 2020(646):1–55. doi:10.5852/ejt.2020.646.
Moret P, Toledano L. 2002. Ecuadion, nouveau sous-genre de Bembidion Latreille du páramo équatorien (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini). Boll del Mus Civ di Stor Nat di Venezia. 53:155–205.
Negro M, Casale A, Migliore L, Palestrini C, Rolando A. 2007. The effect of local anthropogenic habitat heterogeneity on assemblages of carabids (Coleoptera, Caraboidea) endemic to the Alps. Biodivers Conserv. 16(13):3919–3932. doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9199-x.
Noonan GR. 1981a. South American species of the subgenus Anisotarsus Chaudoir (genus Notiobia Perty: Carabidae: Coleoptera). Part I: Taxonomy and Natural History. Milwaukee Public Museum, Contrib Biol Geol. 44:1–84.
Noonan GR. 1981b. South American species of the subgenus Anisotarsus Chaudoir (genus Notiobia Perty: Carabidae: Coleoptera). Part II: Evolution and biogeography. Milwaukee Public Museum, Contrib Biol Geol. 45:1–117.
Ober KA. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the carabid subfamily Harpalinae (Coleoptera) based on molecular sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 24(2):228–248. doi:10.1016/
S1055-7903(02)00251-8.
Ober KA, Heider TN. 2010. Phylogenetic diversification patterns and divergence times in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae). BMC Evol Biol. 10(1):262. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-262.Papavero N, Llorente-Bousquets J, Schrocchi G, Espinosa Organist D. 1995. Historia de la biología comparada desde el génesis hasta el siglo de las luces. UNAM.
Perrault G-G. 1991. Etudes sur les Carabidae des Andes septentrionales. VIII. Démembrement du genre Glyptolenus Bates et description d’un genre voisin (Coleoptera). Nouv Rev d’Entomologie. 8(1):43–59.
Pizzolotto R, Albertini A, Gobbi M, Brandmayr P. 2016. Habitat diversity analysis along an
altitudinal sequence of alpine habitats: The carabid beetle assemblages as a study model. Period Biol. 118(3):241–254. doi:10.18054/pb.2016.118.3.3924.
Pizzolotto R, Brandmayr P, Mazzei A. 2003. Carabid beetles in a Mediterranean Region:
biogeographical and ecological features. Eur Carabidology 2003 Proc 11th Eur Carabidologist
Meet. 114:243–254.
Pizzolotto R, Cairns W, Barbante C. 2013. Pilot research on testing the reliability of studies on
carabid heavy metals contamination. Balt J Coleopterol. 13(1):1–13.
Pizzolotto R, Gobbi M, Brandmayr P. 2014. Changes in ground beetle assemblages above and
below the treeline of the Dolomites after almost 30 years (1980/2009). Ecol Evol. 4(8):1284–1294.doi:10.1002/ece3.927.
Ponomarenko AG. 1977. Suborder Adephaga. In: Arnoldi LV, Zherikin VV, Nikritin LM, Ponomarenko AG, editores. Moscow: Trudy paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR. p. 1–204.
Rainio J, Niemelä J. 2003. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators. Biodivers.
Conserv. 12, 487–506. Biodivers Conserv. 12(3):487–506.
Ramsay PM, Oxley ERB. 1997. The growth form composition of plant communities in the
Ecuadorian paramos. Plant Ecol. 131(2):173–192. doi:10.1023/A:1009796224479.
Régnière J. 2009. Predicción de la distribución continental de insectos a partir de la fisiologia de las especies. Unasylva. 60:37–42.
Ross H, Arnet R. 2000. American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico. 2da Edició. United States: CRC Press.
Rossi W, Santamaria S. 2008. New Laboulbeniales parasitic on endogean ground beetles.
Mycologia. 100(4):636–641. doi:10.3852/07-081R.
Scampini E, Cichino A, Centeno N. 2002. Especies de Carabidae (Coleoptera) Asociadas a
Cadáveres de Cerdo ( Sus scrofa) en Santa Catalina (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Rev la Soc
Entomológica Argentina. 61(3–4):85–88.
Schlötterer C. 2004. The evolution ofmolecular markers — just a matter of fashion? Nat Rev.
(2):63–69. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.003.
Sciaky R. 1994. Zoianillus acutipennis n. gen. n. sp. from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Carabidae,
Bembidiinae). Nouv Rev d´Entomologie. 11:91–298.
Søome L, Davidson R, Onore G. 1996. Adaptations of insects at high altitudes of Chimborazo,
Ecuador. Eur J Entomol. 93:313–318.
Straneo S. 1971. Sul grupo degli Agrophoderus Bates (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Boll della Soc
Entomol Ital. 103:137–142.
Sunderland KD. 2002. Invertebrate Pest Control by Carabids. In: Holland JM. The Agroecology of Carabid Beetles. Andover: Hampshire. p. 165–214.
Thacker JRM. 1996. Carabidologist and fragmented hábitats. Tree. 11(3):103–104.
Thompson RG. 1979. Larvae of North American Carabidae with a key to the tribes. In: Erwin TL, Ball GE, Whitehead DR, Halpern AL, editores. Carabid beetles: their evolution, natural history, and classification (Proceedings of the First International Symposium of Carabidology, Smithsonian Institution. Washington D.C.: The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 634.
Toledano L. 2008. Systematic notes on the Bembidiina of the northern Andes with particular reference to the fauna of Ecuador (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Memoirs on Biodiversity 1: 81–130.
Uéno S. 1968. Ocurrence of two new Paratrechus (Coleoptera, Trechinae) in Ecuador. Bull Natl Sci Museum Tokyo. 11:341–349.
Vigna Taglianti A, Toledano L (2008) Bembidion (Ecuadion) agonoides n. sp. from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiina). Memoirs on Biodiversity. 1: 77–80.
White WH, Erwin TL, Viator BJ. 2012. Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Coleoptera: Carabidae): A Candidate Biological Control Agent of the Sugarcane Borer in Louisiana . Florida Entomol. 95(2):261–267. doi:10.1653/024.095.0203.
Whymper E. 1892. Travels amongst the great Andes of the Equator. London Uk: John Murray.
Wikars L-O. 1997. Effects of forest fire and the ecology of fire-adapted insects. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology.
Wikars L-O, Schimmel J. 2001. Immediate effects of fire-severity on soil invertebrates in cut and uncut pine forests. For Ecol Manage. 141(3):189–200. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00328-5.
Yábar E, Castro E, Meló L, Gianoli E. 2006. Predación de Bembidion sp., Notiobia peruviana (Dejean) y Metius (Coleoptera: Carabidae) sobre huevos de Premnotrypes latithorax (Pierce) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en condiciones de laboratorio. Rev Peru Entomol. 45:91–94.
Zapata G. 1997. Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) del Ecuador: Catálogo, notas biogeográficas y ecológicas. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.